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U
UDP socket
A socket that transmits
datagrams over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
unallocated
space
Available disk space that
is not allocated to any volume. The type of volume that you can create on
unallocated space depends on the disk type. On basic disks, you can use
unallocated space to create primary or extended partitions. On dynamic
disks, you can use unallocated space to create dynamic
volumes.
UNC (Universal Naming Convention)
name
The full name of a
resource on a network. It conforms to the \\servername\sharename
syntax, where servername is the name of the server and
sharename is the name of the shared resource. UNC names of
directories or files can also include the directory path under the share
name, with the following syntax:
\\servername\sharename\directory\filename
undock
To detach a laptop or
other portable computer from a docking station.
unicast
In data communications
networks, to transmit data from one terminal to another, such as from
client to server, or from server to server.
Unicode
A character encoding
standard developed by the Unicode Consortium that represents almost all of
the written languages of the world. The Unicode character repertoire has
multiple representation forms, including UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32. Most
Windows interfaces use the UTF-16 form.
Unicode Character System
(UCS)
An international standard
character set reference that is part of the Unicode standard. The most
widely held existing version of the UCS standard is UCS-2, which specifies
16-bit character values currently accepted and recognized for use to
encode most of the world's languages.
Unicode Transmission Format 8
(UTF-8)
A character set for
protocols evolving beyond the use of ASCII. The UTF-8 protocol provides
for support of extended ASCII characters and translation of UCS-2, an
international 16-bit Unicode character set. UTF-8 enables a far greater
range of names than can be achieved using ASCII or extended ASCII encoding
for character data.
Uniform Resource Locator
(URL)
An address that uniquely
identifies a location on the Internet. A URL for a World Wide Web site is
preceded with http://, as in the fictitious URL
http://www.example.microsoft.com/. A URL can contain more detail, such as
the name of a page of hypertext, usually identified by the file name
extension .html or .htm.
uninstall
When referring to
software, the act of removing program files and folders from your hard
disk and removing related data from your registry so the software is no
longer available.
When referring to a
device, the act of removing the corresponding device drivers from your
hard disk and physically removing the device from your
computer.
uninterruptible power supply
(UPS)
A device connected
between a computer and a power source to ensure that electrical flow is
not interrupted. UPS devices use batteries to keep the computer running
for a period of time after a power failure. UPS devices usually provide
protection against power surges and brownouts as
well.
universal
group
A security or
distribution group that can be used anywhere in the domain tree or forest.
A universal group can have members from any Windows domain in the domain
tree or forest. It can also include other universal groups, global groups,
and accounts from any domain in the domain tree or forest. Rights and
permissions must be assigned on a per-domain basis, but can be assigned at
any domain in the domain tree or forest.
Universal groups can be
members of domain local groups and other universal groups, but they cannot
be members of global groups. Universal groups appear in the global catalog
and should contain primarily global groups.
Universal Naming Convention
(UNC)
A convention for naming
files and other resources beginning with two backslashes (\), indicating
that the resource exists on a network computer. UNC names conform to the
\\SERVERNAME\SHARENAME syntax, where SERVERNAME is the server's name and
SHARENAME is the name of the shared resource. The UNC name of a directory
or file can also include the directory path after the share name, with the
following syntax:
\\SERVERNAME\SHARENAME\DIRECTORY\FILENAME.
universal serial bus
(USB)
An external bus that
supports Plug and Play installation. Using USB, you can connect and
disconnect devices without shutting down or restarting your computer. You
can use a single USB port to connect up to 127 peripheral devices,
including speakers, telephones, CD-ROM drives, joysticks, tape drives,
keyboards, scanners, and cameras. A USB port is usually located on the
back of your computer near the serial port or parallel
port.
UNIX
A powerful, multiuser,
multitasking operating system initially developed at AT&T Bell
Laboratories in 1969 for use on minicomputers. UNIX is considered more
portable, that is, less computer-specific, than other operating systems
because it is written in C language. Newer versions of UNIX have been
developed at the
University of
California at
Berkeley and by
AT&T.
UPS
service
A service that manages an
uninterruptible power supply (UPS) connected to a
computer.
URL
USB port
An interface on the
computer that enables you to connect a Universal Serial Bus (USB) device.
USB is an external bus standard that enables data transfer rates of 12
Mbps (12 million bits per second). USB ports support a plug that is
approximately 7 mm x 1 mm.
user
A person who uses a
computer. If the computer is connected to a network, a user can access the
programs and files on the computer, as well as programs and files located
on the network (depending on account restrictions determined by the
network administrator).
user
account
A record that consists of
all the information that defines a user to Windows. This includes the user
name and password required for the user to log on, the groups in which the
user account has membership, and the rights and permissions the user has
for using the computer and network, and accessing their resources. For
Windows XP Professional and member servers, user accounts are managed with
Local Users and Groups. For Windows Server domain controllers, user
accounts are managed with Microsoft Active Directory Users and
Computers.
User Datagram Protocol
(UDP)
A TCP complement that
offers a connectionless datagram service that guarantees neither delivery
nor correct sequencing of delivered packets (much like
IP).
user name
A unique name identifying
a user account to Windows. An account's user name must be unique among the
other group names and user names within its own domain or
workgroup.
USER
object
An object from Window
Manager, which includes windows, menus, cursors, icons, hooks,
accelerators, monitors, keyboard layouts, and other internal objects. In
Task Manager, the number of USER objects currently being used by a
process.
user
password
The password stored in
each user's account. Each user generally has a unique user password and
must type that password when logging on or accessing a
server.
user principal
name
A user account name
(sometimes referred to as the user logon name) and a domain name
identifying the domain in which the user account is located. This is the
standard usage for logging on to a Windows domain. The format is:
user@domain.com (as for an e-mail address).
user principal name
suffix
The UPN suffix is the
part of the user principal name to the right of the @ character. The
default UPN suffix for a user account is the DNS domain name of the domain
that contains the user account. Alternative UPN suffixes may be added to
simplify administration and user logon processes by providing a single UPN
suffix for all users. The UPN suffix is only used within the Active
Directory forest and is not required to be a valid DNS domain
name.
user
profile
A file that contains
configuration information for a specific user, such as desktop settings,
persistent network connections, and application settings. Each user's
preferences are saved to a user profile that Windows uses to configure the
desktop each time a user logs on.
user
rights
Tasks that a user is
permitted to perform on a computer system or domain. There are two types
of user rights: privileges and logon rights. An example of a privilege is
the right to shut down the system. An example of a logon right is the
right to log on to a computer locally. Both types are assigned by
administrators to individual users or groups as part of the security
settings for the computer.
Users
A special group that
contains all users who have user permissions on the server. When a
Macintosh user assigns permissions to everyone, those permissions are
given to the group's users and guests. |
