|
N
name
The identifier of your
computer on the network.
name
resolution
The process of having
software translate between names that are easy for users to work with and
numerical IP addresses, which are difficult for users but necessary for
TCP/IP communications. Name resolution can be provided by software
components such as DNS or WINS.
name server (NS) resource
record
A resource record used in
a zone to designate the DNS domain names for authoritative DNS servers for
the zone.
named pipe
A portion of memory that
can be used by one process to pass information to another process, so that
the output of one is the input of the other. The second process can be
local (on the same computer as the first) or remote (on a networked
computer).
namespace
A set of unique names for
resources or items used in a shared computing environment.
For Microsoft Management
Console (MMC), the namespace is represented by the console tree, which
displays all of the snap-ins and resources that are accessible to a
console.
For Domain Name System
(DNS), namespace is the vertical or hierarchical structure of the domain
name tree. For example, each domain label, such as host1 or
example, used in a fully qualified domain name, such as
host1.example.microsoft.com, indicates a branch in the domain
namespace tree.
naming context
native
mode
The condition in which
all domain controllers in the domain have been upgraded to
Windows 2000 and an administrator has enabled native mode operation
(through Active Directory Users and Computers).
NetBIOS Extended User Interface
(NetBEUI)
A network protocol native
to Microsoft Networking. It is usually used in small, department-size
local area networks (LANs) of 1 to 200 clients. It can use Token Ring
source routing as its only method of routing. It is the Microsoft
implementation of the NetBIOS standard.
NetWare Core Protocol
(NCP)
The file-sharing protocol
that governs communications about resource (such as disk and printer),
bindery, and NDS operations between server and client computers on a
Novell NetWare network. Requests from client computers are transmitted by
the IPX protocol. Servers respond according to NCP
guidelines.
network
A group of computers and
other devices, such as printers and scanners, connected by a
communications link, enabling all the devices to interact with each other.
Networks can be small or large, permanently connected through wires or
cables, or temporarily connected through phone lines or wireless
transmissions. The largest network is the Internet, which is a worldwide
group of networks.
network
adapter
A device that connects
your computer to a network. This device is sometimes called an adapter
card or network interface card.
network
administrator
A person responsible for
planning, configuring, and managing the day-to-day operation of the
network. Network administrator is also called a system
administrator.
network basic input/output system
(NetBIOS)
An application
programming interface (API) that can be used by programs on a local area
network (LAN). NetBIOS provides programs with a uniform set of commands
for requesting the lower-level services required to manage names, conduct
sessions, and send datagrams between nodes on a
network.
network card
driver
A device driver that
works directly with the network card, acting as an intermediary between
the card and the protocol driver. With AppleTalk network integration, the
AppleTalk Protocol stack on the server is implemented as a protocol driver
and is bound to one or more network card drivers.
Network
Connections
A component you can use
to gain access to network resources and functionality, whether you are
physically at the network location or in a remote location. By using the
Network Connections folder you can create, configure, store, and monitor
connections.
Network DDE
service
A service that provides
network transport and security for DDE
conversations.
network
media
The type of physical
wiring and lower-layer protocols used for transmitting and receiving
packets; for example, Ethernet, FDDI, and Token
Ring.
Network Name
resource
The name of a device that
exists on a network and is supported as a cluster resource by a Resource
DLL provided with Windows.
Network News Transfer Protocol
(NNTP)
A member of the TCP/IP
suite of protocols used to distribute network news messages to NNTP
servers and clients (newsreaders) on the Internet. NNTP is designed so
that news articles are stored on a server in a central database, thus
enabling a user to select specific items to read.
network
number
In the Macintosh
environment, the routing address or range of addresses assigned to the
physical network that AppleTalk Phase 2 routers use to direct information
to the appropriate network. Network number is also called network range
and cable range.
network
partition
A state in which one or
more of the nodes in a cluster cannot communicate with the other cluster
nodes.
network
place
A folder on a Web server.
You can view files and folders on Web servers just as you would view files
and folders on network servers. However, when you save a file to a network
place, the file is saved on a Web server, not on your computer's hard
disk. You can create network places by using the Add Network Place Wizard,
which is located in My Network Places. Network places are available only
on Web servers that support Web Extender Client (WEC), FrontPage
extensions, and Distributed Authoring and Versioning (DAV)
protocols.
non-Plug and
Play
A device, such as a
printer, modem, or game controller, that requires manual configuration of
hardware settings before it can be used. Non-Plug and Play devices are
becoming increasingly rare as manufacturers stop producing them in favor
of Plug and Play devices. Non-Plug and Play typically applies to older
pieces of equipment.
nonauthoritative
restore
A restore of a backup
copy of a Windows domain controller in which the objects in the restored
directory are not treated as authoritative. The restored objects are
updated with changes held in other replicas of the restored
domain.
noncontainer
object
An object that cannot
logically contain other objects. For example, a file is a noncontainer
object.
nonhubbed
mode
A mode in which the ATM
ARP/MARS does not forward multicast and broadcast traffic for multicast
group clients. In this mode, the service returns a dynamic listing of ATM
hosts currently registered for the multicast group address to requesting
clients. Clients then use this list to initiate and establish their own
point-to-multipoint virtual connections with each of the members in the
multicast list.
nonpaged
memory
Memory that cannot be
paged to disk. Paging is the moving of infrequently used parts of a
program's working memory from RAM to another storage medium, usually the
hard disk.
nonpaged
pool
Operating system memory
that is never paged to disk. Paging is the moving of infrequently used
parts of a program's working memory from RAM to another storage medium,
usually the hard disk. In Task Manager, the amount of memory used by a
process, in kilobytes.
normal
backup
A backup that copies all
selected files and marks each file as having been backed up (in other
words, the archive attribute is cleared). With normal backups, you need
only the most recent copy of the backup file or tape to restore all of the
files. You usually perform a normal backup the first time you create a
backup set.
notification
area
The area on the taskbar
to the right of the taskbar buttons. The notification area displays the
time and can also contain shortcuts that provide quick access to programs,
such as Volume Control and Power Options. Other shortcuts can appear
temporarily, providing information about the status of activities. For
example, the printer shortcut icon appears after a document has been sent
to the printer and disappears when printing is
complete.
notify
list
A list maintained by the
primary master for a zone of other DNS servers that should be notified
when zone changes occur. The notify list is made up of IP addresses for
DNS servers configured as secondary masters for the zone. When the listed
servers are notified of a change to the zone, they will initiate a zone
transfer with another DNS server and update the
zone.
Novell Directory Services
(NDS)
On networks running
Novell NetWare 4.0, a distributed database that maintains information
about every resource on the network and provides access to these
resources.
Nslookup
A command-line tool used
to diagnose Domain Name System (DNS) infrastructure.
NTDS-DSA
object
An object that represents
the configuration of the Active Directory service running on a specific
domain controller. For example, the NTDS-DSA object holds the setting that
determines whether or not the Active Directory service provides global
catalog services. NTDS-DSA objects are created and deleted in the course
of running the Active Directory Installation Wizard (dcpromo.exe).
An NTDS-DSA object is
stored in the Configuration directory partition and is always a child of
the Server object representing the domain controller where this particular
Active Directory service is running. For example, if the distinguished
name of an NTDS-DSA object is:
CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=RESKIT1,CN=Servers,
CN=Washington,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=reskit,DC=com
then the distinguished
name of the corresponding Server object is:
CN=RESKIT1,CN=Servers,CN=Washington,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=reskit,DC=com
NTFS file
system
An advanced file system
that provides performance, security, reliability, and advanced features
that are not found in any version of FAT. For example, NTFS guarantees
volume consistency by using standard transaction logging and recovery
techniques. If a system fails, NTFS uses its log file and checkpoint
information to restore the consistency of the file system. In
Windows 2000 and Windows XP, NTFS also provides advanced
features such as file and folder permissions, encryption, disk quotas, and
compression.
NTLM
A security package that
provides authentication between clients and servers.
NTLM authentication
protocol
A challenge/response
authentication protocol. The NTLM authentication protocol was the default
for network authentication in Windows NT version 4.0 and earlier. The
protocol continues to be supported in Windows 2000 but no longer is the
default.
null modem
cable
Special cabling that
eliminates the modem's need for asynchronous communications between two
computers over short distances. A null modem cable emulates modem
communication.
NWLink
An implementation of the
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX), and
NetBIOS protocols used in Novell networks. NWLink is a standard network
protocol that supports routing and can support NetWare client-server
applications, where NetWare-aware Sockets-based applications communicate
with IPX/SPX Sockets-based
applications. |
