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M
Make
Changes
The Macintosh-style
permission that gives users the right to make changes to a folder's
contents; for example, modifying, renaming, moving, creating, and deleting
files. When AppleTalk network integration translates access privileges
into permissions, a user who has the Make Changes privilege is given Write
and Delete permissions.
Management and Monitoring
Tools
Software components that
include utilities for network management and monitoring, along with
services that support client dialing and the updating of client phone
books. Also included is the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP).
Management Information Base
(MIB)
A set of objects that
represent various types of information about a device, used by Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to manage the device. Because different
network management services are used for different types of devices and
protocols, each service has its own set of objects.
management
system
A network-enabled host
running Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) management software.
This software requests information from SNMP agents. Management system is
also called a management console.
mandatory user
profile
A user profile that is
not updated when the user logs off. It is downloaded to the user's desktop
each time the user logs on, and is created by an administrator and
assigned to one or more users to create consistent or job-specific user
profiles. Only members of the Administrators group can change
profiles.
map
To translate one value
into another. In virtual memory systems, a computer might map a virtual
address into a physical address.
master boot record
(MBR)
The first sector on a
hard disk, which starts the process of booting the computer. The MBR
contains the partition table for the disk and a small amount of executable
code called the master boot code.
master
domain
A
Windows NT 4.0 domain that is used for managing user and group
accounts in a multidomain network.
Master File Table
(MFT)
An NTFS system file on
NTFS-formatted volumes that contains information about each file and
folder on the volume. The MFT is the first file on an NTFS
volume.
master
server
An authoritative DNS
server for a zone. Master servers can vary and are one of two types
(either primary or secondary masters), depending on how the server obtains
its zone data.
maximize
To enlarge a window to
its largest size by clicking the Maximize button (at the right of
the title bar), or by pressing ALT+SPACEBAR and then pressing
X.
MD2
A hash algorithm that
creates a 128-bit hash value and was developed by RSA Data Security,
Inc.
MD4
A hash algorithm that
creates a 128-bit hash value and was developed by RSA Data Security,
Inc.
MD5
An industry-standard
one-way, 128-bit hashing scheme, developed by RSA Data Security, Inc., and
used by various Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) vendors for encrypted
authentication. A hashing scheme is a method for transforming data (for
example, a password) in such a way that the result is unique and cannot be
changed back to its original form. The CHAP authentication protocol uses
challenge-response with one-way MD5 hashing on the response. In this way,
you can prove to the server that you know your password without actually
sending the password over the network.
media
Any fixed or removable
objects that store computer data. Examples include hard disks, floppy
disks, tapes, and compact discs.
media pool
A logical collection of
removable media that have the same management policies. Media pools are
used by applications to control access to specific tapes or discs within
libraries managed by Removable Storage. There are four media pools:
unrecognized, import, free, and application-specific. Each media pool can
only hold either media or other media pools.
media
sensing
A feature that, when it
detects a network cable connection failure, removes the bound protocols
from the failed network adapter until the cable connection is
reestablished. Without these bound protocols, the network interface
connected through the failed network adapter is not available for cluster
communication.
mediator
For Process Control, a
process used to preserve information when a service stops or
starts.
memory
address
A portion of computer
memory that can be allocated to a device or used by a program or the
operating system. Devices are usually allocated a range of memory
addresses.
Memory
Usage
In Task Manager, the
current working set of a process, in kilobytes. The current working set is
the number of pages currently resident in memory. On the Task Manager
Processes tab, the column heading is Mem
Usage.
Memory Usage
Delta
In Task Manager, the
change in memory, in kilobytes, used since the last
update.
message
For Message Queuing, a
unit of information sent between computers running Message Queuing. The
message can contain text or binary data as defined by the sending
application. All messages, including status messages, are stored in queues
on Message Queuing computers.
Message Authentication Code
(MAC)
An algorithm that ensures
the quality of a block of data.
message
digest
Message
Queuing
A message queuing and
routing system for Windows that enables distributed applications running
at different times to communicate across heterogeneous networks and with
computers that may be offline. Message Queuing provides guaranteed message
delivery, efficient routing, security, and priority-based messaging.
Message Queuing was formerly known as MSMQ.
Message Queuing
server
For Message Queuing (also
known as MSMQ), a computer that can provide message queuing, routing, and
directory services to client computers. Message Queuing servers can be
used to:
·
Provide message routing and session
concentration for independent clients.
·
Provide message routing between
sites over routing links.
·
Create queues and store messages for
dependent clients.
·
Access information in Active
Directory (if installed on a Windows domain
controller).
Messenger
service
A service that sends and
receives messages sent by administrators or by the Alerter
service.
metadata
Data about data. For
example, the title, subject, author, and size of a file constitute the
file's metadata.
metric
A number used to indicate
the cost of a route in the IP routing table that enables the selection of
the best route among possible multiple routes to the same
destination.
Microcom Networking Protocol Five
(MNP5)
A data-compression
standard that allows modems to increase throughput by compressing data
before transmission. Data can be compressed with a ratio of up to 2:1.
MNP5 sometimes expands data that has already been compressed, resulting in
poorer performance in those cases. If you have an MNP5 modem, do not turn
on modem compression and software compression at the same time. To turn on
MNP5 compression, you must also turn on MNP4 error
control.
Microcom Networking Protocol Four
(MNP4)
An industry-standard
communication protocol that allows modems to automatically retransmit
corrupted data, assuring that only error-free data passes through the
modem. MNP2 and MNP3 standards are included in MNP4.
Microsoft Distributed Transaction
Coordinator (MS DTC)
A transaction manager
that coordinates transactions that span multiple resource managers, such
as Message Queuing and Microsoft SQL Server. MS DTC is automatically
installed when Message Queuing is installed.
Microsoft Management Console
(MMC)
A framework for hosting
administrative tools, called consoles. A console may contain tools,
folders or other containers, World Wide Web pages, and other
administrative items. These items are displayed in the left pane of the
console, called a console tree. A console has one or more windows that can
provide views of the console tree.
The main MMC window
provides commands and tools for authoring consoles. The authoring features
of MMC and the console tree itself may be hidden when a console is in User
Mode.
Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption
(MPPE)
A 128-bit key or 40-bit
key encryption algorithm using RSA RC4. MPPE provides for packet
confidentiality between the remote access client and the remote access or
tunnel server and is useful where IP security (IPSec) is not available.
MPPE 40-bit keys are used to satisfy current North American export
restrictions. MPPE is compatible with Network Address
Translation.
Microsoft Reserved (MSR)
partition
A required partition on
every GUID partition table (GPT) disk. System components can allocate
portions of the MSR partition into new partitions for their own use. For
example, when you convert a basic GPT disk to dynamic, the system
allocates a portion of the MSR partition to be used as the Logical Disk
Manager (LDM) metadata partition. The MSR partition varies in size based
on the size of the GPT disk. For disks smaller than 16 GB, the MSR
partition is 32 MB. For disks larger than 16 GB, the MSR partition is 128
MB. The MSR partition is not visible in Disk Management, and you cannot
store data on the MSR partition or delete it.
MIDI setup
The setup that specifies
the type of MIDI device you are using, the channel and patch settings
needed to play MIDI files, and the port your device is
using.
minimize
To reduce a window to a
button on the taskbar by clicking the Minimize button (at the right
of the title bar), or by pressing ALT+SPACEBAR and then pressing
N.
minimum
TTL
A default Time to Live
(TTL) value set in seconds for use with all resource records in a zone.
This value is set in the start of authority (SOA) resource record for each
zone. By default, the DNS server includes this value in query answers to
inform recipients how long it can store and use resource records provided
in the query answer before they must expire the stored records data. When
TTL values are set for individual resource records, those values will
override the minimum TTL.
mirror
One of the two volumes
that make up a mirrored volume. Each mirror of a mirrored volume resides
on a different disk. If one mirror becomes unavailable (due to a disk
failure, for example), Windows can use the remaining mirror to gain access
to the volume's data.
mirror set
A fault-tolerant
partition created with Windows NT 4.0 or earlier that duplicates data on
two physical disks. You can only repair, resynchronize, break, or delete
mirror sets in Windows 2000. To create new volumes that are mirrored, use
mirrored volumes on dynamic disks.
mirrored
volume
A fault-tolerant volume
that duplicates data on two physical disks. A mirrored volume provides
data redundancy by using two identical volumes, which are called mirrors,
to duplicate the information contained on the volume. A mirror is always
located on a different disk. If one of the physical disks fails, the data
on the failed disk becomes unavailable, but the system continues to
operate in the mirror on the remaining disk. You can create mirrored
volumes only on dynamic disks.
modem
(modulator/demodulator)
A device that allows
computer information to be transmitted and received over a telephone line.
The transmitting modem translates digital computer data into analog
signals that can be carried over a phone line. The receiving modem
translates the analog signals back to digital form.
modem
compression
A technique used to
reduce the number of characters transmitted without losing data content.
The transmitting modem compresses the data and the receiving computer or
modem decompresses the data back to its original
state.
modulation
standards
Protocols that determine
how modems convert digital data into analog signals that can be
transmitted over telephone lines.
Initially, Bell created
modulation standards used in the United States, and the CCITT created
international recommendations. The ITU-T (formerly called the CCITT) now
makes recommendations generally adopted by modem manufacturers both
internationally and in the United States. The ITU-T V series
recommendations (such as V.34 and V.90) define data communication over the
telephone network. The suffixes -bis and -ter (for example,
V.32bis) indicate later versions.
mount
To place a removable tape
or disc into a drive.
mounted
drive
A drive attached to an
empty folder on an NTFS volume. Mounted drives function the same as any
other drive, but are assigned a label or name instead of a drive letter.
The mounted drive's name is resolved to a full file system path instead of
just a drive letter. Members of the Administrators group can use Disk
Management to create mounted drives or reassign drive
letters.
MouseKeys
A keyboard feature that
enables you to use the numeric keypad to move the mouse pointer and to
click, double-click, and drag.
MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating
System)
An operating system used
on all personal computers and compatibles. As with other operating
systems, such as OS/2, it translates user keyboard input into operations
the computer can perform. MS-DOS can be easily accessed by using the
command prompt, while MS-DOS-based programs can be accessed through the
use of shortcuts on the desktop.
MS-DOS-based
program
A program that is
designed to run with MS-DOS and therefore may not be able to take full
advantage of all Windows features.
multicast
Network traffic destined
for a set of hosts that belong to a multicast group.
Multicast Address Dynamic Client
Allocation Protocol (MADCAP)
An extension to the DHCP
protocol standard used to support dynamic assignment and configuration of
IP multicast addresses on TCP/IP-based networks.
multicast address resolution service
(MARS)
A service for resolving
multicast IP addresses to the ATM addresses of the clients that have
joined that multicast group. The MARS can work in conjunction with the MCS
and clients to distribute multicast data through point-to-multipoint
connections.
multicast
scope
A range of multicast
group IP addresses in the Class D address range that are available to be
leased or assigned to multicast DHCP clients by
DHCP.
multicast server
(MCS)
A service that manages
zero or more multicast groups and distributes multicast data sent to it by
clients of those multicast groups through point-to-multipoint
connections.
multicasting
The process of sending a
message simultaneously to more than one destination on a
network.
multihomed
computer
A computer that has
multiple network adapters or that has been configured with multiple IP
addresses for a single network adapter.
multilink
dialing
The combination of two or
more physical communications links' bandwidth into a single logical link
to increase your remote access bandwidth and throughput by using remote
access Multilink. Based on the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
standard RFC 1990, Multilink combines analog modem paths, ISDN B-channels,
and mixed analog and digital communications links on both your client and
server computers. This increases your Internet and intranet access speed
and decreases the amount of time you are connected to a remote
computer.
multimaster
replication
A replication model in
which any domain controller accepts and replicates directory changes to
any other domain controller. This differs from other replication models in
which one computer stores the single modifiable copy of the directory and
other computers store backup copies.
multiple
boot
A computer configuration
that runs two or more operating systems.
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
(MIDI)
A serial interface
standard that allows for the connection of music synthesizers, musical
instruments, and computers. The MIDI standard is based partly on hardware
and partly on a description of the way in which music and sound are
encoded and communicated between MIDI devices. The information transmitted
between MIDI devices is in a form called a MIDI message, which encodes
aspects of sound, such as pitch and volume, as 8-bit bytes of digital
information.
MIDI devices can be used
for creating, recording, and playing back music. Using MIDI, computers,
synthesizers, and sequencers can communicate with each other, either
keeping time or actually controlling the music created by other connected
equipment.
My
Documents
A folder that provides
you with a convenient place to store documents, graphics, or other files
you want to access quickly. When you save a file in a program such as
WordPad or Paint, the file is automatically saved in My Documents, unless
you choose a different folder. |
