|
I
icon
A small image displayed
on the screen to represent an object that can be manipulated by the user.
Icons serve as visual mnemonics and allow the user to control certain
computer actions without having to remember commands or type them at the
keyboard.
IEEE 1394
A standard for high-speed
serial devices such as digital video and digital audio editing
equipment.
IEEE 1394
connector
A type of connector that
enables you to connect and disconnect high-speed serial devices. An IEEE
1394 connector is usually on the back of your computer near the serial
port or the parallel port.
If a device is IEEE 1394
compatible, you can connect the device to the IEEE 1394 connector while
the computer is running and Windows will detect the device and inform you
when it is ready for use. Similarly, you can unplug the device while the
computer is running, but you should use the Add Hardware Wizard to inform
Windows that you are unplugging the device. Windows will then inform you
when the device can be unplugged from the computer.
The IEEE 1394 bus is used
primarily to connect high-end digital video and digital audio devices to
your computer; however, some hard disks, printers, scanners, and DVD
drives can also be connected to your computer using the IEEE 1394
connector.
IIS Server Instance
resource
A server-instance
designation used with Internet Information Services (IIS) that supports
the WWW and FTP services. IIS server instances are supported as cluster
resources by a Resource DLL. IIS Server Instance resources may have
dependencies on IP Address resources, Network Name resources, and Physical
Disk resources. Access information for server instances does not fail
over.
Image Name
The name of a process as
displayed in Task Manager.
import media
pool
A logical collection of
data-storage media that has not been cataloged by Removable Storage. Media
in an import media pool should be cataloged as soon as possible so that
they can be used by an application.
in-addr.arpa
domain
A special top-level DNS
domain reserved for reverse mapping of IP addresses to DNS host
names.
incremental
backup
A backup that copies only
those files created or changed since the last normal or incremental
backup. It marks files as having been backed up (in other words, the
archive attribute is cleared). If you use a combination of normal and
incremental backups to restore your data, you will need to have the last
normal backup and all incremental backup sets.
incremental zone transfer
(IXFR)
An alternate query type
that can be used by some DNS servers to update and synchronize zone data
when a zone is changed. When incremental zone transfer is supported
between DNS servers, servers can keep track of and transfer only those
incremental resource record changes between each version of the
zone.
independent
client
A computer with Message
Queuing installed that can host queues and store messages locally.
Independent clients do not require synchronous access to a Message Queuing
server to send and receive messages, but they can use Message Queuing
servers with routing enabled for efficient message
routing.
infrared
(IR)
Light that is beyond red
in the color spectrum. While the light is not visible to the human eye,
infrared transmitters and receivers can send and receive infrared
signals.
Infrared Data Association
(IrDA)
The industry organization
of computer, component, and telecommunications vendors who establish the
standards for infrared communication between computers and peripheral
devices, such as printers.
infrared
device
A computer, or a computer
peripheral such as a printer, that can communicate using infrared
light.
infrared file
transfer
Wireless file transfer
between a computer and another computer or device using infrared
light.
infrared network
connection
A direct or incoming
network connection to a remote access server using an infrared
port.
infrared
port
An optical port on a
computer that enables communication with other computers or devices by
using infrared light, without cables. Infrared ports can be found on some
portable computers, printers, and cameras.
infrastructure
master
The domain controller
assigned to update group-to-user references whenever group memberships are
changed, and to replicate these changes to any other domain controllers in
the domain. At any time, there can be only one infrastructure master in a
particular domain.
inheritance
A mechanism that allows a
given access control entry (ACE) to be copied from the container where it
was applied to all children of the container. Inheritance can be combined
with delegation to grant administrative rights to a whole subtree of the
directory in a single update operation.
inherited
permissions
Permissions on an object
that are automatically inherited from its parent object. Inherited
permissions cannot be modified.
Initial
master
A shared folder whose
existing files and folders are replicated to other shared folders when
replication is initially configured. After replication is complete, there
is no initial master, since any of the replicas can accept changes and
propagate them to the other replicas. The initial master then becomes
another replica.
initialize
In Disk Management, the
process of detecting a disk or volume and assigning it a status (for
example, healthy) and a type (for example, dynamic).
Initiate to Application
Enable
When checked, new
connections to the DDE share are allowed. When cleared, only current DDE
conversations are allowed.
Ink
An option that allows you
to enter text in handwritten form. Instead of converting your handwritten
text to typed text, the text is converted to an object and displayed
exactly as you wrote it. For example: .
input
language
The specification of the
language you want to type in. Some programs that are designed for Windows
recognize this setting. When you add a new input language, a keyboard
layout for that language is also added.
Input Method Editor
(IME)
Programs used to enter
the thousands of different characters in written Asian languages with a
standard 101-key keyboard. An IME consists of both an engine that converts
keystrokes into phonetic and ideographic characters and a dictionary of
commonly used ideographic words. As the user enters keystrokes, the IME
engine attempts to identify which character or characters the keystrokes
should be converted into.
input/output (I/O)
port
A channel through which
data is transferred between a device and the microprocessor. The port
appears to the microprocessor as one or more memory addresses that it can
use to send or receive data.
insertion
point
The place where text will
be inserted when typed. The insertion point usually appears as a flashing
vertical bar in an application's window or in a dialog
box.
install
When referring to
software, to add program files and folders to your hard disk and related
data to your registry so that the software runs properly. Installing
contrasts with upgrading, where existing program files, folders, and
registry entries are updated to a more recent version.
When referring to
hardware, to physically connect the device to your computer, to load
device drivers onto your computer, and to configure device properties and
settings.
integrated device electronics
(IDE)
A type of disk-drive
interface in which the controller electronics reside on the drive itself,
eliminating the need for a separate adapter card. IDE offers advantages
such as look-ahead caching to increase overall
performance.
Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN)
A digital phone line used
to provide higher bandwidth. ISDN in
North
America is typically available in two forms: Basic Rate
Interface (BRI) consists of 2 B-channels at 64 kilobits per second (Kbps)
and a D-channel at 16 Kbps; Primary Rate Interface (PRI) consists of 23
B-channels at 64 Kbps and a D-channel at 64 Kbps. An ISDN line must be
installed by the phone company at both the calling site and the called
site.
interactive dialog
box
A dialog box that
requires a response from the user. Intermediary devices such as a security
host require such a dialog box as an added layer of security between the
client and the remote access server. In such dialog boxes, the user types
an access code or a user name and password on the remote access terminal
screen.
interactive
logon
A network logon from a
computer keyboard, when the user types information in the Logon
Information dialog box displayed by the computer's operating
system.
interconnect
A private network that
connects nodes in a cluster.
intermediary
device
A device other than a
modem or X.25 PAD, located between a network connection and the remote
access server. This device is typically a modem-pool switch or security
host and requires either a static or interactive dialog box between the
client and itself.
internal network
number
A 4-byte hexadecimal
number used for addressing and routing purposes. The internal network
number identifies a virtual network inside a computer. The internal
network number must be unique to the IPX internetwork. Internal network
number is also called virtual network number.
international
prefix
Digits dialed before the
country code to access the international phone service. The actual digits
depend on the country or region in which you are dialing an international
number. For example, in the
United States of America, the
prefix for international dialing is 011. To dial from the
United States of
America to
Honduras, which has the country
code 504, you would dial: (011) (504) (000) 000-0000
International Telecommunication
Union - Telecommunication
[Standardization Sector] (ITU-T)
The sector of the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) responsible for
telecommunication standards. ITU-T replaces the Comite Consultatif
International Telegraphique et Telephonique (CCITT). Its responsibilities
include standardizing modem design and operations, and standardizing
protocols for networks and facsimile transmission. ITU is an international
organization within which governments and the private sector coordinate
global telecom networks and services.
internet
internet. Two or more network
segments connected by routers. Another term for internetwork.
Internet. A worldwide network of
computers. If you have access to the Internet, you can retrieve
information from millions of sources, including schools, governments,
businesses, and individuals.
Internet
address
An address for a resource
on the Internet that is used by Web browsers to locate Internet resources.
An Internet address typically starts with a protocol name, followed by the
name of the organization that maintains the site; the suffix identifies
the kind of organization it is. For example, the address
http://www.yale.edu/ provides the following information:
·
http: This Web server uses the Hypertext
Transfer Protocol.
·
www: This site is on the World Wide
Web.
·
edu: This is an educational
institution.
Internet address is also
called Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP)
A required maintenance
protocol in the TCP/IP suite that reports errors and allows simple
connectivity. ICMP is used by the
Ping
tool to perform TCP/IP troubleshooting.
Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF)
An open community of
network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the
evolution of Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the
Internet. Technical work is performed by working groups organized by topic
areas (such as routing, transport, and security) and through mailing
lists. Internet standards are developed in IETF Requests for Comments
(RFCs), which are a series of notes that discuss many aspects of computing
and computer communication, focusing on networking protocols, programs,
and concepts.
Internet Group Management Protocol
(IGMP)
A protocol used by IP
hosts to report their multicast group memberships to any immediately
neighboring multicast routers.
Internet Information Services
(IIS)
Software services that
support Web site creation, configuration, and management, along with other
Internet functions. Internet Information Services include Network News
Transfer Protocol (NNTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
Internet Protocol
(IP)
A routable protocol in
the TCP/IP protocol suite that is responsible for IP addressing, routing,
and the fragmentation and reassembly of IP packets.
Internet Protocol
multicasting
The extension of local
area network multicasting technology to a TCP/IP network. Hosts send and
receive multicast datagrams, the destination fields of which specify IP
host group addresses rather than individual IP addresses. A host indicates
that it is a member of a group by means of the Internet Group Management
Protocol (IGMP).
Internet Protocol security
(IPSec)
A set of
industry-standard, cryptography-based protection services and protocols.
IPSec protects all protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite and Internet
communications using L2TP.
Internet service provider
(ISP)
A company that provides
individuals or companies access to the Internet and the World Wide Web. An
ISP provides a telephone number, a user name, a password, and other
connection information so users can connect their computers to the ISP's
computers. An ISP typically charges a monthly or hourly connection
fee.
Internetwork Packet Exchange
(IPX)
A network protocol native
to NetWare that controls addressing and routing of packets within and
between LANs. IPX does not guarantee that a message will be complete (no
lost packets).
interrupt
A request for attention
from the processor. When the processor receives an interrupt, it suspends
its current operations, saves the status of its work, and transfers
control to a special routine known as an interrupt handler, which contains
the instructions for dealing with the particular situation that caused the
interrupt.
interrupt request (IRQ)
lines
Hardware lines over which
devices can send signals to get the attention of the processor when the
device is ready to accept or send information. Each device must have a
unique IRQ line.
intersite messaging service
(ISM)
A service that supports
transports for asynchronous, site-to-site messaging. Each transport serves
two major roles: send/receive and topology queries (such as, what are the
various sites connected by this transport, and at what cost?). The
intersite messaging services shipped in Windows are RPC and SMTP
(mail).
intranet
A network within an
organization that uses Internet technologies and protocols, but is
available only to certain people, such as employees of a company. An
intranet is also called a private network.
IP address
A 32-bit address used to
identify a node on an IP internetwork. Each node on the IP internetwork
must be assigned a unique IP address, which is made up of the network ID,
plus a unique host ID. This address is typically represented with the
decimal value of each octet separated by a period (for example,
192.168.7.27). In this version of Windows, you can configure the IP
address statically or dynamically through DHCP.
IP Address
resource
A 32-bit number in dotted
decimal format that represents an Internet Protocol (IP) address and is
supported as a cluster resource by a Resource DLL provided with
Windows.
IPX/SPX
Transport protocols used
in Novell NetWare networks, which together correspond to the combination
of TCP and IP in the TCP/IP protocol suite. Windows implements IPX through
NWLink.
ISA expansion
slot
A connection socket for a
peripheral designed to the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) on a
computer motherboard.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital
Network)
A high-speed digital
telephone service that can dramatically increase the speed at which you
connect to the Internet or to your corporate LAN (local area network).
ISDN can operate at 128 kilobytes per second (Kbps), which is five or more
times faster than many analog modems.
ISP (Internet service
provider)
Itanium
An Intel microprocessor
that uses explicitly parallel instruction set computing and 64-bit memory
addressing.
|
