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F
failback
The process of moving
resources, either individually or in a group, back to their preferred node
after the node has failed and come back online.
failback policy
Parameters that an
administrator can set using Cluster Administrator that affect failback
operations.
failed
A state that applies to a
resource or a node in a cluster. A resource or a node is placed in the
failed state after an unsuccessful attempt has been made to bring it
online.
failover
The process of taking
resource groups offline on one node and bringing them back online on
another node. When a resource group goes offline, all resources belonging
to that group go offline. The offline and online transitions occur in a
predefined order, with resources that are dependent on other resources
taken offline before and brought online after the resources upon which
they depend.
failover policy
Parameters that an
administrator can set, using Cluster Administrator, that affect failover
operations.
failover time
The amount of time it
takes a resource, either individually or in a group, to complete the
failover process.
FAT
FAT32
A derivative of the file
allocation table (FAT) file system. FAT32 supports smaller cluster sizes
and larger volumes than FAT, which results in more efficient space
allocation on FAT32 volumes.
fault tolerance
The ability of computer
hardware or software to ensure data integrity when hardware failures
occur. Fault tolerant features appear in many server operating systems and
include mirrored volumes, RAID-5 volumes, and server clusters.
Fax Service
A system service that
provides fax services to local and remote network clients. Fax services
include receiving faxes and faxing documents, fax wizard messages, and
e-mail messages.
Federal Information Processing
Standard 140-1 (FIPS 140-1)
A standard entitled
Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules. FIPS 140-1
describes government requirements that hardware and software cryptomodules
should meet for Sensitive but Unclassified (SBU) use.
file allocation table (FAT)
A file system used by
MS-DOS and other Windows-based operating systems to organize and manage
files. The file allocation table (FAT) is a data structure that Windows
creates when you format a volume by using the FAT or FAT32 file systems.
Windows stores information about each file in the FAT so that it can
retrieve the file later.
File and Print Servers for Macintosh
A software component that
allows Macintosh users access to a computer running any version of the
Windows Server family. The services provided with this component allow
personal computer and Macintosh users to share files and resources, such
as printers on the AppleTalk network or printers attached to the Windows
server.
file control block (FCB)
A small block of memory
temporarily assigned by a computer's operating system to hold information
about a file that has been opened for use. An FCB typically contains such
information as the file's identification, its location on disk, and a
pointer that marks the user's current (or last) position in the file.
File Server for Macintosh
An AppleTalk network
integration service that allows Macintosh clients and personal computer
clients to share files. File Server for Macintosh is also called MacFile.
File Share resource
A file share accessible
by a network path that is supported as a cluster resource by a Resource
DLL.
file system
In an operating system,
the overall structure in which files are named, stored, and organized.
NTFS, FAT, and FAT32 are types of file systems.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
A member of the TCP/IP
suite of protocols, used to copy files between two computers on the
Internet. Both computers must support their respective FTP roles: one must
be an FTP client and the other an FTP server.
file type
In the Windows
environment, a designation of the operational or structural
characteristics of a file. The file type identifies the program, such as
Microsoft Word, that is used to open the file. File types are associated
with a file name extension. For example, files that have the .txt or .log
extension are of the Text Document type and can be opened using any text
editor.
In the Macintosh
environment, a four-character sequence that identifies the type of a
Macintosh file. The Macintosh Finder uses the file type and file creator
to determine the appropriate desktop icon for that file.
filter
For Indexing Service,
software that extracts content and property values from a document in
order to index them.
For IPSec, a
specification of IP traffic that provides the ability to trigger security
negotiations for a communication based on the source, destination, and
type of IP traffic.
filtering mode
For Network Load
Balancing, the method by which network traffic inbound to a cluster is
handled by the hosts within the cluster. Traffic can either be handled by
a single server, load balanced among the hosts within the cluster, or
disabled completely.
FilterKeys
A keyboard feature that
instructs your keyboard to ignore brief or repeated keystrokes. You can
also adjust the keyboard repeat rate, which is the rate at which a key
repeats when you hold it down.
firewall
A combination of hardware
and software that provides a security system, usually to prevent
unauthorized access from outside to an internal network or intranet. A
firewall prevents direct communication between network and external
computers by routing communication through a proxy server outside of the
network. The proxy server determines whether it is safe to let a file pass
through to the network. A firewall is also called a security-edge gateway.
folder
A container for programs
and files in graphical user interfaces, symbolized on the screen by a
graphical image (icon) of a file folder. A folder is a means of organizing
programs and documents on a disk and can hold both files and additional
folders.
font
A graphic design applied
to a collection of numbers, symbols, and characters. A font describes a
certain typeface, along with other qualities such as size, spacing, and
pitch.
font cartridge
A plug-in unit available
for some printers that contains fonts in several styles and sizes. As with
downloadable fonts, printers using font cartridges can produce characters
in sizes and styles other than those created by the fonts built into it.
foreground program
The program that runs in
the active window (the uppermost window with the highlighted title bar).
The foreground program responds to commands issued by the user.
foreign computer
A computer that uses
another message queuing system but, through a connector application, can
exchange messages with computers that run Message Queuing.
forest
A collection of one or
more Windows domains that share a common schema, configuration, and global
catalog and are linked with two-way transitive trusts.
form
The specification of
physical characteristics such as paper size (that is, letter or legal) and
printer area margins of paper or other print media. For example, by
default, the Letter form has a paper size of 8.5 inches by 11 inches and
does not reserve space for margins.
format
The structure of a file
that defines the way it is stored and laid out on the screen or in print.
The format of a file is usually indicated by its extension. For example,
.txt after a file name indicates the file is a text document, and .doc
after a file name indicates it is a Word document.
FORTEZZA
A family of security
products, including PCMCIA-based cards, compatible serial port devices,
combination cards (such as FORTEZZA/Modem and FORTEZZA/Ethernet), server
boards, and others. FORTEZZA is a registered trademark held by the
National Security Agency.
fragmentation
The scattering of parts
of the same disk file over different areas of the disk. Fragmentation
occurs as files on a disk are deleted and new files are added. It slows
disk access and degrades the overall performance of disk operations,
although usually not severely.
frame type
The way in which a
network type, such as Ethernet, formats data to be sent over a network.
When multiple frame types are allowed for a particular network type, the
packets are structured differently and are, therefore, incompatible. All
computers on a network must use the same frame type to communicate. Frame
type is also called frame format.
free media pool
A logical collection of
unused data-storage media that can be used by applications or other media
pools. When media are no longer needed by an application, they are
returned to a free media pool so that they can be used again.
free space
Available space that you
use to create logical drives within an extended partition.
front-end processor (FEP)
In communications, a
computer that is located between communications lines and a main (host)
computer and used to relieve the host of tasks related to communications;
sometimes considered synonymous with communications controller. A
front-end processor is dedicated entirely to handling transmitted
information, including error detection and control; receipt, transmission,
and possibly encoding of messages; and management of the lines running to
and from other devices.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
full name
A user's complete name,
usually consisting of the last name, first name, and middle initial. The
full name is information that Local Users and Groups or Active Directory
Users and Computers can maintain as part of the information identifying
and defining a user account.
full zone transfer (AXFR)
The standard query type
supported by all DNS servers to update and synchronize zone data when the
zone has been changed. When a DNS query is made using AXFR as the
specified query type, the entire zone is transferred as the response.
full-duplex
A system capable of
simultaneously transmitting information in both directions over a
communications channel.
fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
A DNS domain name that
has been stated unambiguously so as to indicate with absolute certainty
its location in the domain namespace tree. Fully qualified domain names
differ from relative names in that they are typically stated with a
trailing period (.) - for example, host.example.microsoft.com. - to
qualify their position to the root of the
namespace. |
